Research is really important to getting jobs and getting into grad school programs. Don't underrate just how important and helpful it can be. Here are some common ways to get research.
This is probably the easiest way. If you have a good relationship with your professor(We just so happen to have a guide on how to get a better relationship with your professors) then asking for research opportunities will be rather easy, and if you're a good student, your professors will usually make some effort to include you in activities and research.
Many schools try to get their students engaged in research through the research center. In many places like this, you will simply be placed in an already existing research group, working alongside piers. The whole goal of the research center is to get people in research, as, well, universities make a lot of their money from research.
When your school doesn't have the same resources, sometimes just going out and emailing people works best. It's best to format a cold email with a simple introduction of who you are, why you're interested in the professors research, and how enthused you'll be to join their research. To start, you should get some information that you can use in the email. Like, say for example the professor is doing some really cool research on Ai or advanced economic theory. Well, you can very easily include in your email how interesting that research is. You should also brag a little in the email. You want to come off as someone who can actually add to the research, but not someone arrogant and rude.
Getting research is a great way to get experience working on hard problems and will seriously help on applications. Follow this basic guide, and you're sure to get a good amount of research opportunities!